Effect of duration of per day exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone on verbal and visual memory in male adults

Background: Mobile phones (MPs) are mostly kept close to the head while making a phone call, and therefore, the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from MP may be potentially damaging to the brain and hence its neurological functions. Reports available on the effect of MP radiation on human memory is scarce and inconclusive so far. Aims and Objectives: The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of per day durations of EMR exposure through MP calls on verbal and visual memory using paper and pencil cognitive tests. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy right-handed male subjects within age group 18–40 years were recruited for the study and divided into two groups. Those making MP calls of more than 1 h/day were placed in the Group-A and those making calls <1 h/day in Group-B. Both groups were evaluated for verbal and visual memory using Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) and playing card test (PCT) before and after exposure to EMR for 10 min. Statistical analysis was done by paired “t” test. Results: Group-B performed significantly better in RAVLT than Group-A. No significant difference was seen in PCT. After exposure to EMR from MP, the performance in PCT of both the groups deteriorated significantly. Conclusion: Longer per day exposure to EMR from MP affects verbal memory, while visual memory may be more susceptible to acute exposures.

Application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound before and after microwave ablation of thyroid nodules / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) before and after microwave ablation of thyroid nodules.Methods:Fifty-six patients (79 thyroid nodules) who received microwave ablation of thyroid nodules in Huaian Medical District, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from March 2016 to October 2019 were included in this study. CEUS was performed before microwave ablation to accurately assess the size, number and blood supply of thyroid nodules as well as the position of the feeding vessels. CEUS was performed immediately after microwave ablation to determine whether the lesion area was thoroughly ablated and to measure the volume of thyroid nodules. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, the level of thyroid hormone was measured and the absorption of thyroid nodules was evaluated.Results:Preoperative CEUS showed that among the 79 thyroid nodules, 42 were solid nodules that had different degrees of enhancement, including 33 annular homogeneously highly enhanced nodules and 9 heterogeneously highly enhanced nodules; 24 were cystic mixed solid nodules that had solid components, including 16 homogeneously highly enhanced nodules and 8 nodules with only local high enhancement in the solid component; 13 were cystic nodules, including 9 nodules with septa and 3 nodules with contrast medium on the diaphragm. Contrast medium was still visible around three nodules immediately after microwave ablation. Ablation continued in three nodules until there was no contrast medium. The incidence of complications during and after treatment was 0%. The average volume of the thyroid nodules before treatment was (7.52 ± 6.74) cm3. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery, the average volume of the thyroid nodules was (6.06 ± 5.19) cm3, (3.06 ± 2.85) cm3, (1.32 ± 1.23) cm3 and (0.59 ± 0.52) cm 3, respectively. There was significant difference in volume of thyroid nodules between before and after microwave ablation ( F = 96.32, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Preoperative CEUS can determine the distribution of the blood supply of thyroid nodules and the course of the feeding vessels, identify the needle-entering position for microwave ablation and the primary ablation area, improve the accuracy of treatment, and reduce the occurrence of complications such as bleeding. Postoperative CEUS can determine whether lesion area is thoroughly ablated, reduce residual lesions and excessive ablation.

Preliminary clinical effect of in situ preservation of tumor bone combined with hip prosthesis in the treatment of proximal femur malignancy / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To summarize the technical points of microwave ablation for inactivating the preserved bone in situ combined with hip prosthesis for proximal femoral malignancy and analyze its clinical efficacy.Methods:A total of 28 patients with proximal femoral malignancy who were treated in Tianjin Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were included in the study. There were 12 males and 16 females, aged 65.3±10.9 years (range 39-85 years); 26 metastatic bone tumors and 2 patients with proximal femoral primary tumors accompanying marrow cavity jumping focus in the study. According to whether the tumor bone mass was preserved in situ during microwave ablation, the patients were divided into the bone mass preservation group (18 cases) and conventional surgery group (10 cases). In the bone mass preservation group, according to the evaluation of preoperative CT and MRI, part of the tumor bone was preserved in situ and hip arthroplasty was performed after microwave inactivation. In the conventional surgery group, total resection of the tumor and microwave inactivation were performed firstly, and then hip prosthesis replacement was performed. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparing the length of osteotomy, the postoperative prosthesis stability and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.Results:The follow-up time of 28 patients was 11.9±5.9 months (range 4 to 24 months). The intraoperative length of osteotomy was 9.2±2.5 cm in the bone mass preservation group and the intraoperative length of osteotomy was 15.4±3.6 cm in the conventional surgery group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=5.40, P=0.002). There were 5 common hip prosthesises and 13 modular hip prosthesises in the bone mass preservation group. In 2 patients with common prosthesis, X-ray showed partial bone resorption at the osteotomy interface 3 and 8 months after operation, no loosening or fracture at the prosthesis-bone interface, and no pain or limitation of walking. There were 10 modular hip prosthesises in the conventional surgery group, with one patient suffered pain while walking at 19 months after surgery, and the X-ray suggested loosening between the prosthesis-bone interface. MSTS score of bone mass preservation group at 3 months post-operation was 16.6±1.9 points, including good 6 cases and moderate 12 case, and the excellent and good rate was 33%, meanwhile MSTS score of conventional surgery group was 15.5±3.6 points, including good 3 cases, moderate 5 cases and poor 2 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 30% at 3 months post-operation, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant ( t=0.94, P=0.366). MSTS score of bone mass preservation group at 6 months post-operation was 21.7±3.2 points, including excellent 3 cases, good 9 cases, moderate 1 case and poor 1 case, and the excellent and good rate was 86% (12/14), meanwhile MSTS score of conventional surgery group at 6 months post-operation was 16.5±4.9 points, including excellent 1 case, good 3 cases, moderate 3 cases and poor 2 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 44% at 6 months post-operation, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=3.03, P=0.006). MSTS score of bone mass preservation group at 12 months post-operation was 22.3±7.6 points, including excellent 8 cases, good 2 cases, moderate 1 case and poor 1 case, and the excellent and good rate was 83% (10/12), meanwhile conventional surgery group at 12 months post-operation was 22.1±6.6 points, including excellent 3 case, good 3 cases, moderate 1 cases and poor 1 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 75%(6/8), and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=0.06, P=0.957). The MSTS scores of 6 months after operation, including movement function, acceptance degree, brace assistance and walking ability, were significantly improved in the bone mass preservation group compared with the conventional surgery group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.33, P=0.030; t=2.74, P=0.012; t=2.80, P=0.011; t=2.59, P=0.026). Conclusion:Preserved bone mass in situ inactivated by microwave ablation combined with tumor hip prosthesis is an alternative surgical method for the treatment of proximal femoral malignancy, which can increase the stability of the prosthesis, facilitate the biological reconstruction of soft tissues and early functional recovery.

Rapid hemostasis: a novel and effective outpatient procedure using microwave ablation to control epistaxis of isolated mucosal bulge lesions / Hemostasia rápida: um procedimento ambulatorial novo e eficaz utilizando ablação por micro-ondas para controlar a epistaxe de lesões isoladas protuberantes da mucosa

Abstract Introduction Recurrent epistaxis is commonly encountered in the rhinology outpatient clinic. Under endoscopic guidance, both bipolar cautery and monopolar forceps (combined with suction) have been employed to control the bleeding. However, the use of monopolar forceps requires the placement of grounding pads. Most procedures are currently performed in operating rooms. Objective We investigated outcomes after the use of Microwave Ablation (MWA) to control epistaxis in adults with isolated mucosal bulge lesions. All procedures were performed with patients under local anesthesia in our outpatient clinic. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. We included 83 adults with epistaxis of isolated mucosal bulge lesions. Microwave ablation was performed in the outpatient clinic to control bleeding, after induction of local anesthesia. The primary outcome was successful hemostasis. The secondary outcomes were the rebleeding rates at weeks 1 and 4 and month 6, and complications (crust or synechiae formation, septal perforation, and/or orbit or brain complications). Results All bleeding points were successfully ablated; hemostasis was achieved within 1-2 min. The mean pain score was 1.83 intra-operatively and 0.95 1 h postoperatively. No patient re-bled, and no severe MWA-related complication (septal perforation, synechiae formation, or orbit or brain complication) was recorded to 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions Endoscopic microwave ablation with patients under local anesthesia is a novel, safe, effective, rapid, well-tolerated, outpatient treatment for adults with epistaxis of isolated mucosal bulge lesions, especially those for whom general anesthesia might be risky, those with electrical implants, and those exhibiting contraindications for arterial embolization.

Resumo Introdução Epistaxe recorrente é comumente encontrada no ambulatório de rinologia. Sob orientação endoscópica, foram empregados tanto o cautério bipolar quanto a pinça monopolar (combinados à sucção) para controlar a condição. No entanto, o uso de pinças monopolares requer a colocação de placas de aterramento. Atualmente, a maioria dos procedimentos é feita em salas de cirurgia. Objetivo Investigamos os resultados após o uso da ablação por micro-ondas (MWA, do inglês Microwave Ablation) no controle da epistaxe em adultos com lesões isoladas protuberantes da mucosa. Todos os procedimentos foram feitos em nosso ambulatório com os pacientes sob anestesia local. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Foram incluídos 83 adultos com epistaxe de lesões isoladas protuberantes da mucosa. A ablação por micro-ondas foi feita no ambulatório para controlar o sangramento, após a administração de anestesia local. O desfecho primário foi uma hemostasia bem-sucedida. Os desfechos secundários foram as taxas de ressangramento, nas semanas 1 e 4 e no mês 6, e complicações (formação de crostas ou sinéquias, perfuração septal e/ou complicações orbitais ou cerebrais). Resultados Todos os pontos de sangramento foram contidos com sucesso; a hemostasia foi alcançada em 1-2 minutos. O escore médio de dor foi de 1,83 no intraoperatório e de 0,95 1 h no pós-operatório. Nenhum paciente apresentou ressangramento e nenhuma complicação grave relacionada à MWA (perfuração septal, formação de sinéquias ou complicações orbitais ou cerebrais) foi registrada em 6 meses de seguimento. Conclusões A ablação endoscópica por micro-ondas com pacientes sob anestesia local é um tratamento ambulatorial novo, seguro, eficaz, rápido e bem tolerado para adultos com epistaxe de lesões isoladas protuberantes da mucosa, especialmente aqueles para os quais a anestesia geral pode ser arriscada, indivíduos com implantes elétricos e aqueles com contraindicações para embolização arterial.

A comparison between microwave ablation and surgical resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of microwave ablation (MWA) and surgical resection in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma(SHCC).Methods:Sixty five SHCC patients with intact clinical data, treated in the Center of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital between Feb 2005 and Aug 2012, were enrolled in this study. Among them, 30 patients were treated by MWA, and the other 35 by hepatectomy. Follow-up was conducted from Mar 2013 to Feb 2021. The differences in long-term survival, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, postoperative complications, performance status (PS), and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups.Results:The survival probability at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years was 93.2%, 82.5%, 55.6% and 41.2%, respectively, in the MWA group, and 97.1%, 82.6%, 67.2% and 48.3%, in the resection group ( P=0.347). The MWA group had less perioperative complications, less blood loss, shorter operation time, better PS score and better hospital stay than the surgical resection group (all P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rate between BCLC stage 0~A1 and A2~A4 patients( P=0.773, 0.536). Conclusions:Microwave ablation in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma can achieve similar results as hepatectomy with less traumatic,better postoperative PS score and shorter postoperative hospital stay.

Comparison of clinical efficacy of microwave thermotherapy versus microneedling in the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To compare clinical efficacy and safety of microwave thermotherapy versus microneedling in the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis.Methods:From May 2018 to March 2019, 116 patients with different degrees of axillary bromhidrosis were collected from Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, including 56 treated with microwave thermotherapy by using a miraDry device, and 60 treated with microneedling by using a BodyTite device. These patients were followed up for 12 months after treatment, and clinical efficacy, complications and recurrence rate were evaluated.Results:After 12 months of follow-up, no significant difference in the response and recurrence rates were observed between the microwave group (94.64%[53 cases], 5.36%[3 cases], respectively) and microneedling group (93.33%[56 cases], 6.67%[4 cases], respectively; both χ2=0.088, P=0.767) . However, the incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the microwave group (0) than in the microneedling group (6.67%, including 2 cases of skin burns and 2 cases of scars; χ2=3.867, P=0.049) . Conclusion:In the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis, microwave thermotherapy showed equivalent clinical efficacy with lower incidence of complications compared with microneedling.

Ablación tumoral percutánea guiada por imágenes / Image-Guided Percutaneous Tumor Ablation

RESUMEN La incidencia de enfermedades oncológicas se incrementa cada día. Las terapias ablativas tumorales percutáneas guiadas por imagen constituyen una alternativa de tratamiento para pacientes sin criterio de resección quirúrgica. El objetivo del estudio es argumentar la necesidad del uso de las terapias ablativas tumorales percutáneas en Cuba mediante la revisión de su estado actual en el mundo. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica descriptiva, en bases de datos Google Escolar, MEDLINE (Pubmed) y SciELO. Se seleccionaron 31 artículos, que fueron útiles para actualizar la información. Con la ablación tumoral percutánea se intentó erradicar completamente todas las células malignas viables dentro del tumor. La ablación química, la térmica y otras no térmicas, son las más usadas. Este tratamiento ha demostrado ser efectivo y seguro. Debido su elevado costo, no ha sido posible su introducción en el país(AU)

ABSTRACT The incidence of oncological diseases increases every day. Image-guided percutaneous tumor ablative therapies are treatment alternatives for patients not eligible based on surgical resection criteria. The objective of the study is support the need for the use of percutaneous tumor ablative therapies in Cuba, by reviewing its current state in the world. A descriptive bibliographic review was carried out using the databases Google Scholar, MEDLINE (Pubmed) and SciELO, from which 31 articles were selected, useful to update the information. Percutaneous tumor ablation was performed in view of completely eradicating all viable malignant cells within the tumor. Chemical, thermal and other non-thermal ablations are the most used. This treatment has proven effective and safe. Due to its high cost, its introduction in the country has not been possible(AU)

Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of microwave therapy versus suction-curettage through small incisions in the treatment of axillary osmidrosis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective@#To compare clinical efficacy and safety of microwave therapy versus suction-curettage through small incisions in the treatment of axillary osmidrosis.@*Methods@#Totally, 60 patients with axillary osmidrosis were enrolled from Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University from January 2017 to February 2018. Every patient received miraDry microwave therapy on the left axillary (microwave therapy group) and suction-curettage through small incisions on the right axillary (suction-curettage group) , and operation duration was recorded. After follow-up of half a year, clinical efficacy and complications were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#After 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were observed in the response rate or recurrence rate between the microwave therapy group (93.33%[56/60], 6.67%[4/60] respectively) and suction-curettage group (96.67% [58/60], 3.33% [2/60] respectively; both P > 0.05) . However, the incidence rate of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the microwave therapy group (0) than in the suction-curettage group (6.67% [4/60], χ2 = 4.138, P = 0.042) .@*Conclusion@#Compared with suction-curettage through small incisions, microwave therapy has advantages of being non-invasive and less postoperative complications.

Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of microwave therapy versus suction-curettage through small incisions in the treatment of axillary osmidrosis / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To compare clinical efficacy and safety of microwave therapy versus suction -curettage through small incisions in the treatment of axillary osmidrosis.Methods Totally,60 patients with axillary osmidrosis were enrolled from Department of Dermatology,Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University from January 2017 to February 2018.Every patient received miraDry microwave therapy on the left axillary (microwave therapy group) and suction-curettage through small incisions on the right axillary (suction-curettage group),and operation duration was recorded.After follow-up of half a year,clinical efficacy and complications were compared between the two groups.Results After 6-month follow-up,no significant differences were observed in the response rate or recurrence rate between the microwave therapy group (93.33％[56/60],6.67％[4/60] respectively) and suction-curettage group (96.67％ [58/60],3.33％ [2/60] respectively;both P ＞ 0.05).However,the incidence rate of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the microwave therapy group (0) than in the suction-curettage group (6.67％ [4/60],x2 =4.138,P =0.042).Conclusion Compared with suction-curettage through small incisions,microwave therapy has advantages of being non-invasive and less postoperative complications.

Effects of microwave exposure on the enzymatic activity of Trichophyton rubrum / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effects of exposing Trichophyton rubrum fungus to microwaves at different intensities in terms of the activity of succinic dehydrogenase and beta-(1, 3)-D-glucan synthase.@*Methods@#Trichophyton rubrum organisms were randomly divided into a control group and experimental groups. The experimental groups were incubated at 27 ℃ after direct radiation with 2450 MHz microwaves at 20, 40, 60 or 80 W for 15 min, repeated 8 times. The control group was incubated without any irradiation. Thirty days later, the beta-(1, 3)-D-glucan synthase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.@*Results@#The enzymatic activity decreased gradually with increasing radiation intensity. When the output power was 80 W, the beta-(1, 3)-glucan-synthase-D activity was 0.730±0.74 U/ml and that of the succinate dehydrogenase was 1.828±1.774 U/L, both significantly lower than in the groups subjected to less powerful irradiation.@*Conclusions@#Microwave radiation can decrease the enzymatic activity of Trichophyton rubrum in a dose-dependent manner. Higher intensity is more effective. Microwave irradiation can decrease the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and beta-(1, 3)-glucan synthase from Trichophyton rubrum in vitro, resulting in the destruction of fungal cell walls and interfering with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, furthering cell death. Moreover, the temperature change possibly also helps promote the biological effects of microwave radiation.

Effects of microwave exposure on the enzymatic activity of Trichophyton rubrum / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of exposing Trichophyton rubrum fungus to microwaves at different intensities in terms of the activity of succinic dehydrogenase and beta-( 1, 3)-D-glucan synthase. Methods Trichophyton rubrum organisms were randomly divided into a control group and experimental groups. The experimental groups were incubated at 27 ℃ after direct radiation with 2450 MHz microwaves at 20, 40, 60 or 80 W for 15 min, repeated 8 times. The control group was incubated without any irradiation. Thirty days later, the beta-( 1, 3)-D-glu-can synthase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The enzymatic activity decreased gradually with increasing radiation intensity. When the output power was 80 W, the beta-(1,3)-glucan-synthase-D activity was 0.730±0.74 U/ml and that of the succinate dehydrogenase was 1.828±1.774 U/L, both significantly lower than in the groups subjected to less powerful irradiation. Conclusions Microwave radiation can decrease the enzymatic activity of Trichophyton rubrum in a dose-dependent manner. Higher intensity is more effective. Microwave irradiation can decrease the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and beta-( 1, 3)-glucan synthase from Trichophyton rubrum in vitro, resulting in the destruction of fungal cell walls and interfering with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, furthering cell death. Moreover, the temperature change possibly also helps promote the biological effects of microwave radiation.

Efficacy of massage combined with microwave therapy in treating Children's bronchial pneumonia with syndrome of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#To investigate the efficacy of massage combined with microwave therapy in treating Children's bronchial pneumonia with syndrome of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi.@*Methods@#Two hundred forty-four bronchial pneumonia Children were selected in our hospital and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 122 cases in each group referring to random number table. The control group was administered with the routine treatment. Based on the control group, the observation group received the massage and microwave therapy. The course was 2 week for both groups. The syndrome scores of traditional Chinese medicine were performed before and after treatment, and the disappearance of gasping, antipyretic, disappearance of moist rale in the lungs, and absorption time of chest X-ray were observed and recorded. the flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood levels of CD4+ and CD8+, and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. The clinical effect rate was evaluated.@*Results@#The total effective rate was 97.5% (118/121) in the observation group and 91.7% (110/120) in the control group,with statistically significant differences (χ2=4.406, P=0.044). After treatment, the scores of cough, phlegm, shortness of breath, pale face, fatigue, spontaneous perspiration, poor appetite in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t value were 10.008, 11.529, 11.778, 12.043, 11.309, 10.128, 11.008, P<0.01), and elapsed time of gasping, antifebrile time, disappear time of lung moist crackles, absorption time were significantly earlier than the control group (t value were 15.121, 10.099, 18.441, 14.310, P<0.01). After 2 week’ treatment, the scores of symptoms of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi in the observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the duration of wheezing and antipyretic, duration of lung dampness and chest X-ray absorption in the observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.52%, which was significantly higher than the control group 92.67% (P<0.05). After 2 week treatment, the CD4+ (41.03% ± 4.55% vs. 33.52% ± 3.95%, t=14.011) in the observation group was significantly higher, CD8+ (22.71% ± 2.83% vs. 26.65% ± 3.05%, t=10.061) was significantly lower than the control group, serum levels of IL-6 (28.13 ± 3.63 ng/L vs. 40.09 ± 4.61 ng/L, t=14.890) and IL-8 (21.41 ± 2.75 ng/L vs. 29.05 ± 3.61 ng/L, t=11.439) were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Massage combined with microwave therapy for the Children's bronchial pneumonia with deficiency of lung-spleen Qi syndrome can promote the improvement of symptoms, enhance the efficacy, increase the immune function and reduce inflammation level.

Comparison of therapeutic effects of TACE combined with microwave ablation, 125I radioactive seed implantation, Apatinib targeted therapy for large hepatocellular carcinoma / 中国医师杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with microwave ablation,125I radioactive seed implantation and Apatinib targeted therapy for large hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods 120 patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma admitted to our hospital from May 2015 to May 2017 were selected as the subjects and randomly divided into four groups.30 patients in the control group were treated with TACE,30 patients in the combined treatment group 1 were treated with TACE combined with microwave ablation,30 patients in the combined treatment group 2 were treated with TACE combined with 125I radioactive seeds implantation,and 3 patients in the combined treatment group 3 were treated with TACE combined with Apatinib.The clinical efficacy,changes of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),survival rate,levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and adverse reactions were compared among the four groups.Results The disease control rate of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜0.05).The reduction rate of AFP in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in survival rate between the combined treatment group 2,combined treatment group 3 and the control group at 6 months and 1 year later (P ＞ 0.05),while the survival rate of the combined treatment group 1 was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the levels of VEGF and MMP-9 in the four groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the combined treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rates of adverse reactions such as elevated blood pressure,nausea and vomiting,skin itching,proteinuria and bone marrow suppression in the combined treatment group 1 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the incidences of skin itching in the combined treatment group 2 and the combined treatment group 3 were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions TACE combined with microwave ablation,125I radioactive seed implantation and Apatinib targeting therapy for large hepatocellular carcinoma are more effective than TACE alone,and TACE combined with microwave ablation can significantly prolong the survival time of patients.

Clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous microwave ablation guided by multimodal ultrasound in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules / 中国医师杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous microwave ablation guided by multimode ultrasound in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules.Methods The clinical data of 100 cases of benign thyroid nodules admitted from June 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.50 cases of benign thyroid nodules were treated by traditional open surgery as the control group,and 50 cases of benign thyroid nodules were treated by ultrasound-guided microwave ablation as the observation group.The complete clearance rate of lesion tissue and the incidence of comphcations were compared between the two groups.Results (1) The nodule clearance rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with significant statistically difference (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group (transient thyroid dysfunction 16％,recurrent laryngeal nerve injury 10％),the incidence of complications (transient hypothyroidism 2％,recurrent laryngeal nerve injury 0％) was significantly lower in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The quality of life scores of the observation group and the control group were significantly higher than those before the treatment (P ＜ 0.05);The quality of life score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with traditional open thyroidectomy,multimodal ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation has better efficacy and safety,which is worthy of wide application and promotion.

Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation in the individualized treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to danger areas / 中国医师杂志

Objectives To investigate the efficiency and safety of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent to danger areas.Methods The 106 patients with HCC treated by ultrasound-guided MWA were retrospectively included in our study.There were 149 lesions in total,including 8 lesions adjacent to gallbladder,33 lesions adjacent to grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ bile duct,39 lesions adjacent to diaphragm,28 lesions adjacent to gastrointestinal tract and 41 lesions adjacent to hepatic capsule.The mean diameter of the tumors was (2.04 ±0.92)cm.Individualized treament strategies for different sites of the tumors were conducted.The early complete ablation rate of the tumors was assessed by enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one month later and followed up regularly.Results The total inactivation rate was 89.9％.The early complete ablation rates of adjacent gallbladder,adjacent grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ bile duct,adjacent diaphragm,adjacent gastrointestinal tract and adjacent hepatic capsule were 100％,84.8％,89.7％,92.9％,90.2％ respectively.The local progression rates were 0,15.2％,10.3％,7.1％,9.8％,respectively.The 1-,2-and 3-year survival rates were 91.6％,85.8％ and 74.5％.Total cases were ablated 149 times.Serious complications accounted for 6.6％,including diaphragm injury,needle implantation,abdominal hemorrhage,severe infection,bile tumors.Conclusions Our study presented a novel individualized treament strategies using MWA in HCC patients.The individualized scheme effectively boosted the complete ablation rate of tumors and significantly improve the clinical outcome of HCC patients.

Efficacy of massage combined with microwave therapy in treating Children's bronchial pneumonia with syndrome of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of massage combined with microwave therapy in treating Children's bronchial pneumonia with syndrome of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi. Methods Two hundred forty-four bronchial pneumonia Children were selected in our hospital and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 122 cases in each group referring to random number table. The control group was administered with the routine treatment. Based on the control group, the observation group received the massage and microwave therapy. The course was 2 week for both groups. The syndrome scores of traditional Chinese medicine were performed before and after treatment, and the disappearance of gasping, antipyretic, disappearance of moist rale in the lungs, and absorption time of chest X-ray were observed and recorded. the flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood levels of CD4+ and CD8+, and serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. The clinical effect rate was evaluated. Results The total effective rate was 97.5% (118/121) in the observation group and 91.7% (110/120) in the control group,with statistically significant differences (χ2=4.406, P=0.044). After treatment, the scores of cough, phlegm, shortness of breath, pale face, fatigue, spontaneous perspiration, poor appetite in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t value were 10.008, 11.529, 11.778, 12.043, 11.309, 10.128, 11.008,P<0.01), and elapsed time of gasping, antifebrile time, disappear time of lung moist crackles, absorption time were significantly earlier than the control group (t value were 15.121, 10.099, 18.441, 14.310, P<0.01). After 2 week’ treatment, the scores of symptoms of deficiency of lung-spleen Qi in the observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the duration of wheezing and antipyretic, duration of lung dampness and chest X-ray absorption in the observation group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.52%, which was significantly higher than the control group 92.67% (P<0.05). After 2 week treatment, the CD4+(41.03% ± 4.55% vs. 33.52% ± 3.95%, t=14.011) in the observation group was significantly higher, CD8+ (22.71% ± 2.83% vs. 26.65% ± 3.05%, t=10.061) was significantly lower than the control group, serum levels of IL-6 (28.13 ± 3.63 ng/L vs. 40.09 ± 4.61 ng/L, t=14.890) and IL-8 (21.41 ± 2.75 ng/L vs. 29.05 ± 3.61 ng/L, t=11.439) were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions Massage combined with microwave therapy for the Children's bronchial pneumonia with deficiency of lung-spleen Qi syndrome can promote the improvement of symptoms, enhance the efficacy, increase the immune function and reduce inflammation level.

Clinical study on laparoscopic cold cycle microwave ablation combined with hepatectomy for the treatment of hepatic hemangioma / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect and feasibility of cold cycle microwave ablation combined with laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatic hemangioma.Methods Thirteen cases of hepatic hemangiomas were treated with cold cycle microwave ablation combined with laparoscopic hepatictomy,and their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively from March 2015 to October 2017 in the First People's Hospital of Jiangxia District of Wuhan City,including 5 males and 8 females with an average age of 52 years and age range of 45-68 years.The course of disease was 18 months to 8 years,with an average of 4.2 years.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,liver function changes and complications were recorded.The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software,and measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD).Results The operations of the 13 cases were successful,including 7 cases of single hepatic hemangioma (the lesions were located in segments 11,111 and Ⅳ) and 6 cases of multiple hepatic hemangioma (the lesions were located in segments Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ).No hepatic portal occlusion was performed during the operation.The operation time was (135.4 ± 35.8) min,intraoperative blood loss was (95.2 ± 22.7) ml,the postoperative hospital stay was (6.4 ± 0.8) d.On the first postoperative day,alanine aminotransferase was (354.2 ± 75.4) IU/L,and aspartate aminotransferase was (382.7 ± 68.5) IU/L,during the first week after surgery,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase both decreased to the normal range,and no serious complications such as bile leakage or hemorrhage occurred after surgery.No recurrence was observed after 6 to 12 months of follow-up.Conclusions Under the premise of strict control of surgical indications,laparoscopic cold-circulation microwave ablation combined with hepatectomy for hepatic hemangioma is safe and feasible.It can simultaneously treat multiple lesions,and cold-cycle microwave ablation can effectively reduce intraoperative bleeding with a minimally invasive effect.

An experimental study on endoscopic ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for porcine liver and pancreas / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided microwave ablation ( EUS-MWA ) for porcine liver and pancreas by assessing physiological state and pathological changes. Methods EUS-MWA was performed on liver and pancreas of 8 healthy pigs after general anesthesia. The needle size was 1. 9 mm in diameter, and the power of ablation was 65 W, 10 min on liver and 60 W, 5 min on pancreas. The levels of blood amylase and hepatic transaminase were examined before and after the operation. All pigs underwent CT scan on the right postoperative day to assess the extent of ablation and complications. Two pigs were killed 6 hours after operation and 2 others were killed 24 hours after operation to assess structural damage around the puncture path. The remaining 4 pigs were raised to 2 weeks after operation to observe diet, activities and mental state. The ablated areas of liver and pancreas underwent pathological analysis after dissection, and non-ablation regions were treated as the control. Results All 8 pigs underwent EUS-MWA and their vital signs were stable during the operation. Except for the difficulty in locating the pancreas in one case, other surgical procedures were smooth and 18 ablations were performed totally ( 10 in liver and 8 in pancreas) . CT scans showed quasi-circular low density lesions in the liver and pancreas, and the maximum diameter of the ablation area in liver and pancreas was 2. 8 ± 0. 3 cm, 1. 8±0. 2 cm respectively. There was no free intraperitoneal gas, ascites or pleural effusion. The level of blood amylase increased at 6 hours after operation and the peak value occurred within 12-24 hours. The level of hepatic transaminase had a mild elevation. The rearing group showed transient food refusal and activity reduction after the operation, but all returned to normal within 1-2 days. No fever, vomiting or other abnormalities occurred. Puncture path burn, adjacent organ damage and bleeding was not observed except for one case of gastric wall burns during pancreas ablation. Pathology showed massive coagulative necrosis and peripheral bleeding area in the liver ablation center, and diffuse focal necrosis in the tissue of the pancreatic ablation area. Conclusion EUS-MWA is safe and feasible for porcine liver and pancreas, which can be used for the treatment of human liver and pancreatic diseases in the future.

Long-term microwaving of denture base materials: effects on dimensional, color and translucency stability

Abstract While the combined effect of microwave irradiation with cleansing solutions on denture base materials has been investigated, the effects of only using microwave irradiation and, more importantly, in a long-term basis, was not studied yet. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a long-term repeated microwaving on the dimensional, color and translucency stability of acrylic and polyamide denture base materials. Material and Methods Thirty two specimens (32 mm x 10 mm x 2.5 mm) from polyamide (Valplast) and PMMA (Vertex Rapid Simplified) denture base materials were made. Eight specimens from each material were immersed in distilled water (control) and 8 were subjected to microwave exposure at 450 W for 3 minutes for a period simulating 224 days of daily disinfection. Linear dimension, color change (ΔE*) and translucency parameter (TP) were measured at baseline and after certain intervals up to 224 cycles of immersion, using a digital calliper and a portable colorimeter. The results were analysed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA to estimate possible differences among predetermined cycles and material type. Regression analysis was also performed to estimate the trend of changes with time. Statistical evaluations performed at a significance level of 5%. Results Data analysis showed significant changes in length at baseline with an increasing number of cycles (p<0.05) and a significant interaction of cycle-material (p<0.001). The ΔΕ* parameter was significantly higher with a higher number of cycles (p<0.001), but it did not vary between materials (p>0.05). TP decreased similarly in both materials following microwave action but in a significantly higher level for Valplast (p<0.001). Conclusions The results indicated that long-term repeated microwaving affects linear dimensional, color and translucency changes of both materials. Differences between PMMA and polyamide material were noted only in dimension and translucency changes.

Microwave ablation for selective feticide in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and short-term fetal outcome of ultrasoundguided percutaneous microwave ablation for selective feticide in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies.Methods Twenty-two patients who underwent microwave ablation for selective fetal reduction in Peking University Third Hospital between July 2015 and June 2016 were retrospectively studied.Surgical complications,fetal outcomes and neural development at age of 60 days were recorded.One-way ANOVA,Mann-Whitney U test,Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis.Results Indications of the 22 patients for selective feticide included five cases of twin pregnancy with one anomalous fetus,five cases of severe twintwin transfusion syndrome (TTTS),three cases of twin reserved arterial perfusion (TRAP) and nine cases of selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR).All surgeries were successful under regional anesthesia.Four pregnancies (18.2％,4/22) ended in miscarriage following surgery,three of which were caused by intrauterine fetal death (13.6％,3/22) and one by premature rupture of membranes before 26 weeks of gestation (4.5％,1/22).Totally,18 babies were born alive at an average gestational age of (35.5 4.2) weeks (26～40 weeks+2) and with an average birth weight of (2 380.778) g (800～3 430 g),and four of them were preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestation.Except for one extremely low birth weight infant,whose gestational age was 26 weeks at birth and birth weight was 800 g,died two days after birth,17 infants were discharged alive,giving an neonatal survival rate of 17/18.The total fetal survival rate was 77.3％ (17/22).Polyhydramnios,placenta location,and position of the fetus being aborted showed no significant effect on miscarriage or fetal survival rate (all P＞0.05).No severe maternal complications occurred.No brain injuries were detected by imaging examination in 17 infants who were followed up to 60 days of age.Conclusions Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation can be used for selective feticide in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies.Further studies are needed to evaluate its effects on long-term fetal outcome.